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  • Espace Affine
    Espace Affine


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  • Affine Arithmetic-Based Methods for Uncertain Power System Analysis
    Affine Arithmetic-Based Methods for Uncertain Power System Analysis

    Affine Arithmetic-Based Methods for Uncertain Power System Analysis presents the unique properties and representative applications of Affine Arithmetic in power systems analysis, particularly as they are deployed for reliability optimization.The work provides a comprehensive foundation in Affine Arithmetic necessary to understand the central computing paradigms that can be adopted for uncertain power flow and optimal power flow analyses.These paradigms are adapted and applied to case studies, which integrate benchmark test systems and full step-by-step procedure for implementation so that readers are able to replicate and modify.The work is presented with illustrative numerical examples and MATLAB computations.

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  • Piecewise Affine Control : Continuous-Time, Sampled-Data, and Networked Systems
    Piecewise Affine Control : Continuous-Time, Sampled-Data, and Networked Systems

    Engineering systems operate through actuators, most of which will exhibit phenomena such as saturation or zones of no operation, commonly known as dead zones.These are examples of piecewise-affine characteristics, and they can have a considerable impact on the stability and performance of engineering systems.This book targets controller design for piecewise affine systems, fulfilling both stability and performance requirements. The authors present a unified computational methodology for the analysis and synthesis of piecewise affine controllers, taking an approach that is capable of handling sliding modes, sampled-data, and networked systems.They introduce algorithms that will be applicable to nonlinear systems approximated by piecewise affine systems, and they feature several examples from areas such as switching electronic circuits, autonomous vehicles, neural networks, and aerospace applications. Piecewise Affine Control: Continuous-Time, Sampled-Data, and Networked Systems is intended for graduate students, advanced senior undergraduate students, and researchers in academia and industry.It is also appropriate for engineers working on applications where switched linear and affine models are important.

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  • Food Information, Communication and Education : Eating Knowledge
    Food Information, Communication and Education : Eating Knowledge

    Food Information, Communication and Education analyses the role of different media in producing and transforming knowledge about food. ‘Eating knowledge’, or knowledge about food and food practice, is a central theme of cooking classes, the daily press, school textbooks, social media, popular magazines and other media.In addition, a wide variety of actors have taken on the responsibility of informing and educating the public about food, including food producers, advertising agencies, celebrity chefs, teachers, food bloggers and government institutions. Featuring a range of European case studies, this interdisciplinary collection advances our understanding of the processes of mediatization, circulation and reception of knowledge relating to food within specific social environments.Topics covered include: popularized knowledge about food carried over from past to present; the construction of trustworthy knowledge in today’s food risk society; critical assessment of nutrition education initiatives for children; and political and ideological implications of food information policy and practice.

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  • What is affine independence?

    Affine independence refers to a set of points in a vector space that are not collinear, meaning they do not lie on the same straight line. In other words, the points are not linearly dependent, and there is no way to express one of the points as a linear combination of the others. Affine independence is important in various mathematical and geometric contexts, such as in linear algebra, optimization, and computer graphics.

  • What are affine subspaces?

    Affine subspaces are sets of points in a vector space that are closed under affine combinations. An affine combination of points is a weighted sum of the points where the weights sum to 1. Affine subspaces can be thought of as generalizations of lines, planes, and hyperplanes in higher dimensions. They can be represented as translations of linear subspaces, and they are characterized by the property that any two points in the subspace determine a unique line contained in the subspace.

  • What is an affine subject?

    An affine subject refers to a person who is emotionally invested in a particular topic or issue. This emotional investment can lead the person to have a biased or subjective perspective on the matter. Affine subjects may have personal experiences, beliefs, or values that strongly influence their views and opinions on the topic, making it difficult for them to remain completely objective. It is important to recognize and consider the influence of affine subjects when evaluating their perspectives on a given subject.

  • What is the main theorem of affine geometry?

    The main theorem of affine geometry states that given a set of points and a set of vectors in a vector space, there exists a unique affine space such that the points correspond to the origin of the space and the vectors correspond to the translations of the space. This theorem forms the foundation of affine geometry, which studies the properties of affine spaces and their transformations without considering the concept of distance or angles. It provides a framework for understanding the geometric properties of objects that remain unchanged under translation, rotation, and scaling.

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  • Action Research in Education : Learning Through Practitioner Enquiry
    Action Research in Education : Learning Through Practitioner Enquiry

    Action Research in Education is an essential guide for any lecturer, teacher or student-teacher interested in doing research.This exciting new edition of a popular text is an important resource for any education professional interested in investigating learning and teaching.Building on the success of Action Research in the Classroom, the authors have revised, updated and extended this book to include examples from further and higher education. It maps out easy-to-follow steps for usefully applying an action research approach and is full of practical tips and examples of real practitioner research projects from a range of schools, colleges and universities.This book will help teachers to:- understand and apply practitioner inquiry- enhance their problem-solving skills- locate their own activity in a wider context- maximise opportunities to develop practice- evaluate the needs of their learnersClear, pragmatic and timely, this is a must-have text for all teachers and students of education. Vivienne Baumfield is Professor of Pedagogy, Policy and Innovation in the School of Education, University of GlasgowElaine Hall is Lecturer in Research Methods, School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle UniversityKate Wall is Senior Lecturer in the School of Education, Durham University

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  • Cultural Learning Styles in Language Education : A Special Reference to Asian Learning Styles
    Cultural Learning Styles in Language Education : A Special Reference to Asian Learning Styles

    This book presents a nuanced look at the relationship between language learning styles and culture to illuminate how these important constructs are understood, employed and play out in the real world.Through the lens of different learning style dimensions—cognitive, affective, process-centred, environment-centred and cultural—Li unpacks and examines the commonly accepted tensions between learning styles, culture, teacher assumptions and teaching approaches.With a focus on Asian learning styles and Chinese learners, Li addresses the past and current debates and reconceptualises the roles and tensions between students’ learning, students’ cultural backgrounds and teaching styles.Li adeptly navigates this controversial arena to demystify preconceptions and provide avenues for innovative and effective classroom practices in language teaching.Ideal for pre-service ESL/EFL teachers, researchers and scholars, this book bridges the gap between research and practice on culture and language learning in the classroom.

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  • Knowledge, Information, and Business Education in the British Atlantic World, 1620–1760
    Knowledge, Information, and Business Education in the British Atlantic World, 1620–1760

    Accurate information is essential to successful business activity.The early modern period saw an increase in printed commercial information, including newspapers, printed exchange rates, and educational texts--part of the 'print revolution' that permeated all aspects of the early modern world.Rather than relying on externally-produced printed works, commercial agents retained agency in creating and sharing their own business and educational information, which was shared in other forms and prioritised and valued over printed material.This book explores the ways that merchants and other commercial agents learned about business in the early modern British Atlantic World.It considers how they acquired, dispersed, stored, and used information, as well as considering their contribution to creating and shaping that information.Prioritising a wide range of manuscript material held in disparate collections, including merchants' correspondence, letter-books, notebooks, family papers, exercise books, and ships' logs, Talbott explores the ways that knowledge, information, and business education was created, circulated, and used in the early modern British Atlantic World.It offers a new perspective on the exchange of business information in a period dominated by discussions of print, prioritising manuscript and oral forms of exchange.In doing so, it presents a more holistic account of the ways that networks of knowledge operated in early modern business, centralising the creation, circulation, and use of business information specifically by those individuals most involved in--and most affected by--its production.

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  • Cooperative Learning in Physical Education : A research based approach
    Cooperative Learning in Physical Education : A research based approach

    Cooperative Learning is a dynamic instructional model that can teach diverse content to students at different grade levels, with students working together in small, structured, heterogeneous groups to master subject content.It has a strong research tradition, is used frequently as a professional development tool in general education and is now emerging in physical education. This book defines Cooperative Learning in physical education and examines how to implement Cooperative Learning in a variety of educational settings.It explores Cooperative Learning in physical education from three main perspectives.The first, context of learning, provides descriptions of Cooperative Learning in different levels of education (elementary school, secondary school, and university physical education).The second, Cooperative Learning in the curriculum, offers case studies from teachers and researchers of their experiences of implementing Cooperative Learning within their own national context.The third perspective, key aspects of Cooperative Learning, examines how the different elements of the model have been foregrounded in efforts to enhance learning in physical education. As the only text to provide international perspectives, from eight different countries, of Cooperative Learning in physical education, this book is important reading for any student, researcher or teacher with an interest in physical education, sport education, sport pedagogy, curriculum development or methods for learning and teaching.

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  • What is an affine subspace and what is a spanned subspace?

    An affine subspace is a subset of a vector space that is obtained by translating a subspace by a fixed vector. It is a flat geometric object that does not necessarily pass through the origin. On the other hand, a spanned subspace is a subspace that is formed by taking linear combinations of a set of vectors. It is the smallest subspace that contains all the vectors in the set.

  • What is the difference between similarity transformation and affine transformation in geometry?

    In geometry, a similarity transformation preserves the shape of a figure while changing its size. This transformation involves scaling, rotating, and reflecting the figure. On the other hand, an affine transformation includes not only scaling, rotating, and reflecting, but also translations. Affine transformations preserve parallel lines and ratios of distances between points, but they do not necessarily preserve angles or shapes.

  • What disadvantage does the Caesar encryption have compared to the general definition of affine ciphers?

    The disadvantage of the Caesar encryption compared to the general definition of affine ciphers is that it is a special case of the affine cipher with a limited set of possible keys. In the Caesar encryption, the key is limited to a single number representing the shift value, while the general affine cipher allows for a wider range of possible keys, including both a multiplicative and additive component. This limitation makes the Caesar encryption more vulnerable to brute force attacks, as there are only 25 possible keys to try compared to the larger key space of the general affine cipher.

  • What is your reference point for knowledge?

    My reference point for knowledge is a combination of personal experience, critical thinking, and information from reliable sources. I believe in learning from my own experiences and reflecting on them, as well as being open to new ideas and perspectives. I also value information from credible sources such as academic research, experts in the field, and reputable publications. Overall, my reference point for knowledge is based on a combination of personal experience, critical thinking, and reliable information.

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