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'''Steel''' is an alloy consisting mostly of [[iron]], with a [[carbon]] content between 0.2 and 1.7 or 2.04% by weight (C:1000–10,8.67Fe), depending on grade. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used such as [[manganese]], [[vanadium]], and [[tungsten]]. Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of alloying elements and form of their presence in the steel (solute elements, precipitated phase) controls qualities such as the [[hardness]], [[ductility]] and [[tensile strength]] of the resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger than iron, but is also more [[brittle]]. The maximum solubility of carbon in iron (in austenite region) is 2.14% by weight, occurring at 1149 °C; higher concentrations of carbon or lower temperatures will produce cementite. Alloys with higher carbon content than this are known as [[cast iron]] because of their lower melting point. Steel is also to be distinguished from [[wrought iron]] containing only a very small amount of other elements, but containing 1–3% by weight of slag in the form of particles elongated in one direction, giving the iron a characteristic grain. It is more rust-resistant than steel and welds more easily. [[Category:Ferrous alloys]]

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